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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' understanding and ability to tap into the benefits of relationships as well as learner-internal elements, were important. Researchers from TS & ZL, for example mentioned their relationship with their local professor as a key factor in their rational decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see example 2). This article reviews all locally published practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on the most important pragmatic topics including: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test (DCT) is widely used in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also a few disadvantages. The DCT for instance, is unable to account for cultural and individual differences. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or evaluation. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to alter the social variables that are related to politeness can be a strength. This can assist researchers to study the role played by prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, the DCT has become one of the most important tools to analyze learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to study a variety of issues, including politeness, turn taking, and lexical choices. It can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners their speech. A recent study used a DCT to assess EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from and were then asked to select the appropriate response. 프라그마틱 체험 www.pragmatickr.com discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other methods for refusing, such as the use of a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other methods for collecting data. DCTs are usually developed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like the content and the form. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test developers. They may not be precise and could misrepresent the way ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods to assess the ability to refuse. In a recent study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to the responses from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT was more direct and conventionally form-based requests, and a lesser use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It employed various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also required to provide reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to reject native Korean pragmatic norms. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their ongoing life experiences as well as their relationships. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' practical choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their selections with their linguistic performance on the DCTs in order to determine if they were a sign of pragmatic resistance. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their decision to use pragmatic language in a specific scenario. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were discovered to use euphemistic terms such as “sorry” or “thank you”. This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, which led to an insufficient understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to be more convergent towards L1 norms varied based on the DCT circumstances. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12, the CLKs preferred to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms. The RIs further revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatism in every DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent, were then coded. The coding was an iterative process, where the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process were compared to the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how well the RIs captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Refusal Interviews (RIs) The key question in pragmatic research is: Why do certain learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research attempted to answer this question using a variety of experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. Then they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked to reflect on their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that on average, the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did this despite the fact that they could create patterns that resembled native ones. In addition, they were conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal variables such as their personality and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors, like relationship advantages. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors helped facilitate more relaxed performance in regards to the linguistic and intercultural norms of their university. However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and punishments they could face if they flouted their social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts might perceive them as “foreignersand believe that they are unintelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should reconsider the applicability of these tests in various cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will allow them to better understand the effect of different cultural environments on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of L2 students. This will also help educators improve their methods of teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy. Case Studies The case study method is an investigational strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that utilizes multiple data sources to support the findings, including interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This kind of research can be used to examine complicated or unique subjects that are difficult for other methods of measuring. In a case study, the first step is to clearly define the subject as well as the purpose of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the subject matter are essential for investigation and which ones are best left out. It is also beneficial to read the literature on to the subject to gain a greater understanding of the topic and place the case in a broader theoretical context. This study was based on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options which were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from the correct pragmatic inference. They also exhibited a strong tendency to add their own text or “garbage,” to their responses, which further hampered their response quality. Moreover, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 on their next attempt. They were asked to respond to questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and comprehension and pragmatic awareness. The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their interlocutors and asked to choose one of the following strategies when making an inquiry. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatism to their personalities. TS, for example, claimed that she was difficult to talk to and would not inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a heavy work load despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.